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The historicity and origin of the Resurrection of Jesus has been the subject of historical research and debate, as well as a topic of discussion among theologians. The accounts of the Gospels, including the empty tomb and the appearances of the risen Jesus to his followers, have been interpreted and analyzed in diverse ways, and have been seen variously as historical accounts of a literal event, as accurate accounts of visionary experiences, as non-literal eschatological parables, and as fabrications of early Christian writers, among various other interpretations. It has been suggested, for example, that Jesus did not die on the cross, that the empty tomb was the result of Jesus' body having been stolen, or, as was common with Roman crucifixions, that Jesus was never entombed. ==Historical background== Belief in a future, general resurrection of the dead was common in Second Temple Judaism, and was a much debated topic among religious Jews during the historical period which saw the emergence of Christianity as a distinct religion. Within the context of late Second Temple Judaism (c. 516 BCE—70 CE), the resurrection of the dead was a doctrine held by the majority of 1st century Judean Jews. The Pharisees, a popular religious movement led by the rabbis, drew their belief in a coming resurrection at the End of Days from such biblical texts as and ,〔Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament (1998). p. 156. G. Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Josef Fabry〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Resurrection )〕 and regarded it as a key part of the Messianic Age, while their opponents the Sadducees did not hold to these beliefs.〔(Craig S. Keener, "The Gospel of Matthew: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary", pp.710-711 )〕 The belief was especially relevant in the context of martyrdom, with the Pharisees warning of serious consequences for those who denied it.〔 The Mishnah, a third-century codification of the Pharisaic Oral Torah redacted by Judah haNasi and later incorporated into the Talmud, contains numerous references to the resurrection of the dead, including the following in Tractate Sanhedrin: Though disagreement regarding the exact details and timing of the event has persisted,〔 with Maimonides suggesting that it will take place after the inauguration of the Messianic kingdom and without the involvement of corporeal bodies,〔 belief in the resurrection has remained an important factor in Jewish eschatology. In the Late Middle Ages, belief in the resurrection of the dead became a firmly established part of Jewish Orthodoxy, codified as the last of Maimonides' thirteen principles of faith,.〔 It is the subject of multiple prayers in the daily Jewish liturgy,〔 including in the ''Elohai Neshamah'' and in the second benediction of the ''Amidah''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Historicity and origin of the Resurrection of Jesus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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